BELL-TAINTER GRAPHOPHONE

Patented 1886 by Charles Sumner Tainter and Chichester Bell (cousin of A.G. Bell) Created as improvement on Edison's tinfoil phonograph Tinfoil-wrapped cardboard replaced by wax-coated cardboard cylinders Wax cylinders have longer life and longer playback time than tinfoil cylinders Rigid reproducing needle replaced by "floating" stylus for better playback Constant speed provided by foot-treadle or electric motor Thomas Macdonald introduced more reliable clockwork motor in 1894